Microsoft busca arquitetos para pensar cidades inteligentes
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| Inteligente seria a cidade que tivesse urbanização, serviços e localização adequados para todos os seus habitantes. Mas isso não é tarefa só de arquitetos e urbanistas. Foto (detalhe): Lalo de Almeida/Folhapress/EXAME) |
(..) En 1860, conforme con las reflexiones urbanísticas de la época, se decide adecuar la ciudad de Madrid a su población creciente, ensanchándola. Así se adopta el plan de ensanche del ingeniero Carlos María de Castro. Éste prevee la preparación de suelo edificable a cargo del municipio. No obstante, la violenta inflación de precios que provoca el proyecto y las estrictas normas de edificación conllevan un fuerte desajuste entre las características de las viviendas edificables en el ensanche y la solvencia de la demanda. En consecuencia, la edificación del ensanche es lenta y las viviendas populares se construyen fuera de él. Así aparecen las primeras parcelaciones de tierras rurales en el extrarradio, zona comprendida entre el límite exterior del ensanche y el límite del termino municipal de Madrid, el año que sigue a la adopción del plan Castro. A partir de 1860 y hasta mediados del siglo XX, Madrid crece en dos frentes, uno oficial y planificado, el ensanche y el otro, informal y espontáneo, el extrarradio. (..)”
Imagem: Internet, editado PJ
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Reading Broadacre
Conceived at the height of the Great Depression, Wright never intended to build Broadacre City but rather used it as a vehicle to address pressing social, economic, and environmental issues, many of which have contemporary relevance. His vision invites us to reflect on questions of our own time, such as the role of government, social and economic equality, infrastructure and sustainability, and how to foster community.
The Broadacre City exhibition was sponsored by the National Alliance of Art and Industry, a Rockefeller-funded initiative that endeavored to educate the public about advances in American industry. Its centerpiece was a 12-foot by 12-foot model that represented 4-square miles of “typical countryside” accommodating 1,400 families. Within this radius, all elemental units of modern society were included: farms, factories, offices, schools, parks and recreational spaces, places of worship, a seat of government, and individual houses [Fig. 1 and Fig. 2]. The scale was local, as Wright emphasized: “…little farms, little homes for industry, little factories, little schools, and a little university.” Every citizen of Broadacre was a property owner—a minimum of one acre of land, or more according to need—and also owned at least one car, as transportation was primarily by automobile. Wright envisioned that the low-density community represented in the Broadacre model would be replicated across the United States, creating a network of small communities that would be connected together by highways and telecommunication systems, such as radio and telephone [Fig. 8].
